Basic Knowledge Ntawm Hlau Thiab Cables

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm hlau thiab cable manufacturing txheej txheem

Txoj kev tsim cov xov hlau thiab cables yog txawv kiag li ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob feem ntau. Cov khoom siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm lwm qhov, thiab tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho khoom los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Cov khoom yog ntsuas los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb los yog daim. Qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ntsuas. Tag nrho cov xov hlau thiab cables yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab cable los ntawm kev ntxiv rwb thaiv tsev, tiv thaiv, cabling, tiv thaiv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ntau cov khoom tsim qauv yog, ntau txheej yog superimposed.

1, Txheej txheem cov yam ntxwv ntawm hlau thiab cable manufacturing:

1. Loj ntev nruam superposition ua ke ntau lawm hom

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntev-ntev txuas ntxiv superposition ua ke ntau lawm hom ntawm hlau thiab cable ntau lawm yog ntiaj teb no thiab tswj, uas cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam:

(1) Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntws thiab cov cuab yeej layout

Txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev cob qhia ntau lawm yuav tsum raug tso tawm kom raug raws li cov txheej txheem ntws los ntawm cov khoom, kom cov khoom tiav hauv txhua theem tuaj yeem hloov mus ua ntu zus. Cov khoom siv configuration yuav tsum xav txog qhov sib txawv ntau lawm efficiency kom sib npaug ntawm lub peev xwm ntau lawm. Qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa nrog ob lossis ntau dua kom sib npaug ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm cov kab ntau lawm. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv tsim nyog thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum sib npaug thiab ua tiav raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab cov peev txheej tsim khoom.

(2) Kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom

Kev tswj kev npaj ntau lawm yuav tsum yog kev tshawb fawb, tsim nyog, meej, meej, nruj thiab ceev faj. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem. Ib qho teeb meem hauv ib qho kev sib txuas yuav cuam tshuam qhov smoothness ntawm cov txheej txheem ntws thiab qhov zoo thiab xa khoom ntawm cov khoom. Tshwj xeeb, rau ntau cov tub ntxhais cables, yog tias qhov ntev ntawm ib khub lossis chav tsev yooj yim yog luv, lossis muaj teeb meem zoo, qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov cable yuav tsis txaus, uas ua rau cov khoom seem. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias qhov ntev ntawm ib chav tsev ntev dhau lawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, ua rau khib nyiab.

(3) Kev tswj kom zoo

Hom ntau lawm ntawm kev nruam superposition thiab ua ke ntawm qhov ntev ntev yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem me ntsis hauv kev sib txuas thiab tam sim no hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov cable. Qhov zoo tshaj qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub puab txheej, thiab ntau dua qhov poob los ntawm tsis nrhiav thiab txiav tawm ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Vim tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov cables txawv ntawm cov khoom sib dhos, lawv tuaj yeem disassembled, reassembled thiab hloov nrog lwm qhov chaw; Qhov teeb meem zoo ntawm ib feem lossis txheej txheem ntawm cov xaim thiab cable yog yuav luag irretrievable thiab irreparable rau no cable. Cov kev kho mob tom ntej yog qhov tsis zoo, xws li sawing lossis degrading, los yog scrapping tag nrho cov cable. Nws tsis tuaj yeem disassembled thiab reassembled.

Kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables yuav tsum khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum ua raws li kev soj ntsuam xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem sab saud thiab qis, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb lav thiab txhais tau tias kom cov khoom zoo thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam.

2. Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab cov khoom loj txaus

Hlau thiab cable tsim muaj ntau yam txheej txheem, los ntawm smelting thiab siab ua cov hlau uas tsis yog-ferrous rau tshuaj technologies xws li yas, roj hmab thiab xim; Textile technology xws li wrapping thiab weaving ntawm fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv, wrapping ntawm hlau cov ntaub ntawv, longitudinal wrapping ntawm hlau strips, hlau tsim thiab ua technology ntawm vuam, thiab lwm yam.

Txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau thiab cables tsis yog tsuas yog muaj ntau hom, ntau yam thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau ntau. Yog li ntawd, kev noj haus, kev noj zaub mov noj, batch voj voog thiab batch ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, decomposition, recycling, rov siv dua thiab pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm, ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tswj cov khoom siv quota thiab xyuam xim rau kev txuag.

Nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau thiab cables, los ntawm kev ntshuam thiab xa tawm thiab khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab ntau yam khoom siv, kev ncig ntawm cov khoom siv ua tiav hauv ntau cov txheej txheem rau kev khaws cia thiab xa cov khoom, cov khoom ntws yog loj, yog li nws yuav tsum. yuav tsum tau teem caij thiab dynamically tswj.

3. Ntau yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb

Hlau thiab cable manufacturing siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntau lawm nrog cov txheej txheem cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam kom tau raws li cov qauv thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv cable, thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov ntev-ntev thiab high-ceev ntau lawm ntau li ntau tau, yog li tsim ib tug series ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom siv cable. Xws li extruder series, hlau nqus tshuab series, stranding tshuab series, wrapping tshuab series, thiab lwm yam.

Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables yog ze rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab txhawb ib leeg. Cov txheej txheem tshiab yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa qhov tshwm sim thiab txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tshiab; Nyob rau hauv lem, kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tshiab tau txhim kho kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem tshiab. Xws li hlau kos duab, annealing, extrusion series kab; Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb xws li lub cev foaming ntau lawm kab tau txhawb kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau thiab cable, thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cables.

2, Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables

Hlau thiab cables yog tsim los ntawm peb txheej txheem: kos duab, twisting thiab txheej. Qhov ntau cov qauv thiab specification, qhov ntau dua qhov repeatability.

1. Kos duab

Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev quab yuam sab nraud, cov hlau raug yuam los ntawm cov pwm (nias lub log), qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm cov hlau yog compressed, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov chaw seem thiab qhov loj me. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog hu ua hlau kos duab.

Drawing txheej txheem: monofilament daim duab thiab stranding duab.

2. Stranding

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov softness thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables, interweaving ntau tshaj ob lub xov hlau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia uas tau teev tseg yog hu ua stranding.

Stranding txheej txheem yog muab faib ua: neeg xyuas pib stranding, cabling, weaving, steel hlau armor thiab winding.

3. Txheej

Raws li kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov cables, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv los npog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm sab nraud ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Txheej txheej txheem cov ntsiab lus:

A. Extrusion: roj hmab, yas, txhuas, txhuas thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

B. Longitudinal pob: roj hmab, wrinkled txhuas sawb khoom.

C. Wrapping: Ribbon daim kab xev, mica daim kab xev, alkali dawb iav fiber ntau daim kab xev, non-woven npuag, yas daim kab xev, linear paj rwb xov, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv fiber ntau.

D. Dip txheej: insulating xim, asphalt, thiab lwm yam

3, Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov yas hlau thiab cable tsim

1. Copper thiab aluminium monofilament daim duab

Cov tooj liab thiab txhuas rods feem ntau siv rau cov xov hlau thiab cov cables tuaj yeem txo qis hauv ntu, nce qhov ntev thiab muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab nqus hlau los ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov tuag qhov ntawm daim duab tuag ntawm chav tsev kub. Hlau daim duab yog thawj txheej txheem ntawm cov tuam txhab xaim thiab cable, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab hlau yog pwm txuam tshuab.

2. Monofilament annealing

Thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, tooj liab thiab txhuas monofilament tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab txo lub zog ntawm monofilament los ntawm recrystallization, thiaj li ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables rau kev ua cov hlau cores. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing yog tshem tawm cov oxidation ntawm tooj liab hlau

3. Stranding ntawm conductors

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov softness ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tso thiab teeb tsa, cov xaim xaim hluav taws xob yog twisted los ntawm ntau cov xov hlau. Los ntawm daim ntawv stranding ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov stranding tsis tu ncua thiab tsis sib xws. Irregular stranding kuj tau muab faib ua bundles stranding, concentric compound stranding, tshwj xeeb stranding, thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau txo qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab txo qhov geometric loj ntawm lub cable, daim ntawv ntawm compression yog saws thaum stranding tus neeg xyuas pib, kom lub voj voog zoo tib yam hloov mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog, kiv cua-puab, pobzeb zoo li tus thiab compacted lub voj voog. Hom conductor no tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv fais fab cables.

4. Rwb thaiv tsev extrusion

Extruded khoom rwb thaiv tsev txheej yog tsuas yog siv rau cov xaim yas thiab cables. Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas rwb thaiv tsev extrusion yog raws li nram no:

4.1 eccentricity: tus nqi sib txawv ntawm extruded rwb thaiv tsev thickness yog ib qho tseem ceeb kos npe rau ntawm theem txheej txheem extrusion. Feem ntau cov khoom tsim qhov ntev thiab lawv qhov sib txawv qhov tseem ceeb tau qhia meej meej hauv tus qauv.

4.2 smoothness: nto ntawm extruded insulating txheej yuav tsum du, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem tsis zoo xws li nto roughness, scorching thiab impurities.

4.3. Densification: Cov ntu hla ntawm txheej txheem txheej txheem insulating yuav tsum tau ntom thiab khoom, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov pom tau, yog li los tiv thaiv lub hav zoov muaj sia.

5. Kab

Rau ntau cov tub ntxhais cables, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau molding degree thiab txo cov duab ntawm lub cable, lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab khi rau hauv lub voj voog. Lub mechanism ntawm stranding zoo ib yam li cov neeg xyuas pib stranding. Vim hais tias cov stranding pitch txoj kab uas hla yog loj, feem ntau ntawm lawv siv txoj kev tsis untwisting. Cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov cables: ua ntej, tiv thaiv kev sib tw ntawm cov cables los ntawm kev xa cov khoom tshwj xeeb zoo li insulated cores; Qhov thib ob yog los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm khawb.

Cov cables feem ntau ua tiav nrog kev ua tiav ntawm ob txoj kev ua tiav: ib qho yog txhaws, uas ua kom lub voj voog thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov cables tom qab ua tiav cable; Ib qho yog khi kom ntseeg tau tias cov tub ntxhais cable tsis xoob.

6. Sab hauv ntaub

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais insulated los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov cuab yeej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem insulating kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv sab hauv tau muab faib ua: extruded inner tiv thaiv txheej (lub tes tsho cais) thiab qhwv sab hauv tiv thaiv txheej (cushion). Wrapping cushion es tsis txhob siv txoj hlua khi yog nqa tawm synchronously nrog cov txheej txheem cabling.

7. Armor

Yog hais tias lub cable tau muab tso rau hauv av, nws yuav dais lub siab zoo thaum ua haujlwm, thiab sab hauv steel sawb armored qauv tuaj yeem xaiv. Yog hais tias lub cable tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nrog ob qho tib si zoo siab thiab nro (xws li hauv dej, ntsug ncej lossis av nrog qhov poob loj), cov qauv txheej txheem nrog cov hlau hlau sab hauv yuav tsum raug xaiv.

8. Sab nrauv

Sab nrauv sheath yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv txheej rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables los ntawm ib puag ncig yam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub qhwv sab nrauv yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog, tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, dej-pov thawj, dej pov thawj thiab tib neeg raus dej ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cables, thiab tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cable. Raws li cov kev cai sib txawv ntawm cov cables, cov yas sheath yog ncaj qha extruded los ntawm extruder.