Phau Ntawv Qhia Qhov Kawg Rau Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hlau & Cables

Hnub ci xov hlau, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, muaj nyob hauv ntau hom. Cov xov hlau no feem ntau ua haujlwm los tsim kev sib txuas ntawm plaub yam tseem ceeb: lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, lub inverter, tus nqi tswj, thiab cov roj teeb.

Kev xaiv ntawm txoj cai ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm seamless thiab efficiency ntawm PV system. Kev xaiv rau lub hnub ci xaim hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog yuav ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm xa cov hluav taws xob xav tau, ua rau tsis muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis ua rau lub txhab nyiaj roj teeb poob qis. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv lub hnub ci xaim kom raug tsis tuaj yeem hais dhau los, vim nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm photovoltaic system.

Kev hais lus dav dav, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb: ib leeg lossis khoom xaim, thiab xaim xaim. Ib leeg lossis cov xaim hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib qho hlau hlau tseem ceeb, uas yog insulated los ntawm kev tiv thaiv sheath, txawm tias liab qab xaiv kuj muaj. Hom no yog qhov zoo rau kev siv zoo li qub, ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv zoo rau kev xaim hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Txawm hais tias nws cov nqi ua tau zoo thiab ntau txoj kab uas hla rau tib lub peev xwm nqa, ib lub xaim feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsuas me me.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, stranded hlau muaj ntau yam conductors twisted ua ke thiab encased nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho tiv thaiv, tsim ib tug saj zawg zog multi-strand hlau. Stranded hnub ci xaim qhia tau yooj yim dua, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas feem ntau txav mus. Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov txheej txheem stranded hlau yog tias koj lub hnub ci nruab rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cua daj cua dub los yog raug kev co tsis tu ncua. Vim muaj ntau yam conductors nyob rau hauv ib qho kev khiav, stranded hlau muab kev txhim kho conductivity. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov hlua khi feem ntau muaj txoj kab uas hla loj dua thiab tuaj nrog tus nqi siab dua. Standard stranded hlau yog feem ntau xaiv rau loj thiab sab nraum installation.
 

Hnub ci xov hlau yog ntxiv categorized raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv, nrog rau kev xaiv ntau yam yog txhuas thiab tooj liab rau ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam.

Copper solar wires stands rau lawv superior conductivity nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau txhuas. Txawm tias muaj qhov loj me, cov xov tooj tooj liab tuaj yeem nqa tau ntau dua li lawv cov khoom siv txhuas. Copper muaj kev yooj yim thiab nthuav tawm zoo dua tiv thaiv tshav kub, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv, ob qho tib si sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov xov tooj tooj liab zoo li yuav kim dua.

Hloov pauv, cov xov hlau txhuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua tab sis tuaj nrog qee qhov kev lag luam tawm. Lawv feem ntau nruj dua thiab nquag ua kom tsis muaj zog thaum khoov. Qhov no ua rau lawv zoo dua rau cov ntawv thov loj dua thiab kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, xws li kev pabcuam nkag. Txawm hais tias txhuas yuav tsis sib haum rau cov khoom siv tooj liab, nws tseem yog qhov kev xaiv siv tau rau cov neeg nrhiav kev xaiv nyiaj txiag ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov hloov pauv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Hnub ci xov hlau nthuav tawm cov kev hloov pauv raws li lawv cov rwb thaiv tsev, uas ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov hlua los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li ya raws, cua sov, tshuaj, dej, thiab ultraviolet lub teeb. Ntau hom rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau siv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv thov scenarios:

THHN: Haum rau kev teeb tsa hauv qhuav, sab hauv tsev.

TW, THW, thiab THWN: Zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov txuas rau hauv ntub dej, sab hauv tsev, lossis sab nraum zoov.

UF thiab USE (kev pabcuam hauv av nkag): Tsim los rau kev ntub dej hauv av, txawm tias tsis txwv rau cov ntawv thov hauv av.

THWN-2: Feem ntau rau kev siv sab hauv tsev, hom no tsis tshua kim. Nws tsis tas yuav UV resistant vim nws khiav los ntawm cov kav dej. THWN-2 tuaj yeem khiav ncaj qha mus rau Main Service Vaj Huam Sib Luag, muaj feem xyuam rau ob qho tib si DC thiab AC circuits. Kev kho qhov loj me yog tsim nyog tom qab cov xaim hla dhau ntawm inverter.

RHW-2, PV Wire, thiab USE-2 solar cable: Geared rau cov dej noo, kev siv sab nraum zoov, cov xov hlau no zoo rau kev xaim hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, kev sib txuas ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv av. Cov tsho ntawm PV xaim thiab USE-2 yog tsim los tiv thaiv UV heev thiab tiv taus ya raws, nrog PV xaim featuring ib txheej ntxiv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.

Kev siv cov xim-coded hnub ci xov hlau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua tiav thiab kos duab ntawm cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob hauv lub hnub ci. Txhua lub xov hlau xim ua haujlwm raws li qhov pom ntawm nws lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm, pab tsis tau tsuas yog hauv kev teeb tsa thawj zaug xwb tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau yav tom ntej kev daws teeb meem thiab kev kho kom zoo. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib luag thiab pom tseeb, National Electrical Code (NEC) xaiv cov xim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lawv cov ntawv thov.

Rau Alternating Current (AC) daim ntawv thov, xim coding yog raws li hauv qab no:

Liab, dub, lossis lwm yam xim rau cov ntawv thov kub tsis muaj av.
Dawb rau lub grounded conductor.
Ntsuab los yog liab qab rau cov khoom siv hauv av.
Hauv Direct Current (DC) daim ntawv thov, cov xim txheej txheem txawv:

Liab qhia tus ncej zoo.
Dawb xaiv tus ncej tsis zoo los yog grounded conductor.
Ntsuab lossis liab qab yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv av.

PV xov hlau tuaj nrog cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb raws li lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws amperage peev xwm, yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub hnub ci. Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nrog ntau dua amperage xav tau cov xov tooj hnub ci tuab nrog qhov sib npaug siab dua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas qhov ntsuas amperage ntawm koj lub cev thiab xaiv ib lub xaim uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev thauj khoom. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub kaw lus tsim 9 amps, xaiv rau 9-amp xov hlau lossis siab dua me ntsis, xws li 10 lossis 11 amps.

Xaiv lub hnub ci xaim nrog qhov ntsuas qis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob poob rau lub sijhawm, uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub. Lub thickness ntawm lub hnub ci xaim yog ncaj qha proportional rau nws lub peev xwm amp - qhov tuab ntawm cov hlau, qhov siab dua lub peev xwm amp. Raws li cov lus qhia dav dav, ib txwm siv cov xaim uas yog tuab txaus lossis tuab me ntsis kom haum rau qee lub sijhawm muaj zog. Txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv nrog lub siab tshaj plaws amperage hauv koj lub cev thiab xaiv cov xaim uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau qhov tam sim no.
 

Txhawm rau pab txiav txim siab qhov loj me me, koj tuaj yeem siv online wire sizing kwv yees. Copper solar PV xov hlau yog qhov loj siv American Wire Gauge (AWG) nplai. Hauv AWG system, raws li tus lej AWG nce, txoj kab uas hla ntawm txoj kab uas hla. Piv txwv li, 2 AWG hnub ci xaim muaj txoj kab uas hla loj dua li 12 AWG hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov loj ntawm cov xaim yog inversely cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm amp; Piv txwv li, 2 AWG hnub ci cables muaj peev xwm ntawm 95 amps, thaum 12 AWG hnub ci xaim muaj peev xwm ntawm 20 amps. Qhov kev paub no ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob teeb rau koj lub hnub ci zog.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev xav txog qhov ntsuas thiab qhov tuab ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob hnub ci, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov ntev, vim tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm hluav taws xob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov amperage siv. Thaum hluav taws xob hla mus ntev dua, muaj feem ntau dua ntawm amp poob. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab txo cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub hnub ci xaim uas tuab me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum npog qhov ntev.

Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug installation spans 5 meters nrog ib tug siab tshaj plaws load ntawm 10 amps thiab tso cai rau ib tug 3% txaus cable poob, lub hnub ci cable nrog ib tug thickness ntawm 6 hli yuav txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kev teeb tsa tib yam txuas mus rau 15 meters, lub hnub ci cable nrog 25mm thickness yuav tsim nyog. Kev siv cov xov hlau nrog cov kev ntsuas qis dua yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob qis, overheating, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hluav taws.

Cov kws tsim hluav taws xob feem ntau pom zoo kom npaj rau yav tom ntej cov kev xav tau los ntawm kev xaiv cov xov hlau tuab dua thaum pib kev teeb tsa. Txoj hauv kev no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tam sim no tab sis kuj ua kom haum rau kev nthuav dav lossis kev xav tau ntawm lub zog ntxiv rau yav tom ntej. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm cov xaim ntev, nrog rau cov thickness thiab kev ntsuam xyuas, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim lub hnub ci zog thiab txhim khu kev qha.

DC hnub ci cables nyob rau hauv ib tug photovoltaic (PV) system feem ntau cais raws li modules cables los yog hlua cables. Cov cables no feem ntau yog tsim los ua ib leeg-ntxhais tooj liab xov hlau uas muaj rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv sheathing. Tshwj xeeb tsim los siv nyob rau hauv PV hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, cov cables tuaj nruab nrog cov khoom sib txuas uas zoo sib xws rau lawv cov ntawv thov.

Module cables tau koom ua ke rau hauv lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Cov cables no tau tsim ua ntej thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis yog tsim los hloov lossis hloov los ntawm cov neeg siv kawg. Lawv raug kho raws li qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov panels lawv ua haujlwm.

Primary DC cables ua haujlwm loj dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev txuas cov kab zoo thiab tsis zoo los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas rau lub hauv paus inverter hauv lub hnub ci zog. Cov cables no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nrog rau kev xaiv hnub ci cable xws li 2mm, 4mm, thiab 6mm feem ntau ua haujlwm.

Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau pom zoo kom siv DC cables tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov vim lawv cov kav ntev thiab ua haujlwm rau ib puag ncig yam. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm luv luv Circuit Court thiab teeb meem hauv av, nws raug nquahu kom nteg cables nqa cov polarities sib nrug ntawm ib leeg thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.

Main DC cables tuaj yeem yog ib leeg-ntxhais lossis ob-ntxhais cables, muab kev yooj yim hauv kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa. Ib leeg-ntxhais xov hlau nrog ob lub rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov kev xaiv ua tau zoo, muab kev ntseeg siab hauv cov chaw sab nraum zoov. Ntawm qhov tod tes, rau kev xaim ntawm lub hnub ci zog inverter thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas lub thawv, ob-core DC cables yog ib qho kev nyiam vim lawv tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb.

AC txuas cable yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txuas lub hnub ci hluav taws xob inverter rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thiab daim phiaj hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv me me hnub ci tshuab siv peb-theem inverters, ib tug tsib-core AC cable raug xaiv rau cov kab sib txuas. Cov kab hluav taws xob teeb tsa suav nrog peb lub xov hlau nyob rau kev xa hluav taws xob, thiab ib qho rau hauv av thiab nruab nrab. Conversely, rau PV systems siv ib-theem inverters, ib tug peb-core AC cable feem ntau yog ua hauj lwm, kom ntseeg tau ib tug npaum thiab streamlined kev twb kev txuas rau daim phiaj.

Xaiv qhov loj ntawm cable yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv PV system, tiv thaiv overheating thiab txo lub zog poob. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov teeb meem ua raws li National Electric Code (NEC) nyob rau hauv feem ntau txoj cai. Kev siv cov xaim tsis raug cai tuaj yeem ua rau kev soj ntsuam tsis ua haujlwm. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub hnub ci xaim loj yog lub vaj huam sib luag muaj peev xwm thiab nyob deb ntawm cov chav hluav taws xob, nrog rau daim ntawv thov thiab ib puag ncig.

Ua ntej yuav cov hnub ci cables, xyuas kom paub meej hauv kev xam cov cable loj, ua raws li NEC cov cai. Cov kws tshuaj xyuas lub tsev hauv cheeb tsam txheeb xyuas kev ua raws li cov qauv, uas tau hloov kho txhua peb xyoos. Qhov tseeb yog 2020 tsab, qhia txog kev nce qib hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Paub meej tias tsab ntawv siv nrog cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos ua ntej PV installation. Yog tias tsis paub txog cov cai, nrog rau tus kws kho hluav taws xob muaj ntawv pov thawj rau kev taw qhia.